China Sourcing Glossary

Essential trade, manufacturing, and logistics terminology for anyone sourcing products from China. Click any term for a detailed explanation with practical examples.

FOB (Free on Board)

Seller delivers goods to the port of origin. Buyer pays freight and insurance.

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CIF (Cost, Insurance, Freight)

Price includes goods, insurance, and freight to the destination port.

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DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)

Seller handles everything including import duties and delivery to your door.

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MOQ (Minimum Order Quantity)

The smallest number of units a factory will produce in one order.

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Incoterms 2020

International trade rules defining buyer and seller responsibilities.

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AQL (Acceptable Quality Level)

Statistical sampling standard for quality inspection in manufacturing.

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HS Code

Harmonized System code for classifying products for customs and tariffs.

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LCL vs FCL

Less than Container Load vs Full Container Load shipping options.

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RFQ (Request for Quotation)

Formal document requesting price quotes from manufacturers.

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NNN Agreement

Non-disclosure, Non-use, Non-circumvention contract for IP protection in China.

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Alibaba Gold Supplier

Paid membership status on Alibaba — what it means and its limitations.

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OEM vs ODM

Original Equipment Manufacturer vs Original Design Manufacturer.

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EXW (Ex Works)

Buyer is responsible for everything from the factory gate onward.

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Bill of Lading (B/L)

Shipping document that serves as a receipt, contract, and title document.

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Letter of Credit (L/C)

Bank-guaranteed payment instrument for international trade.

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PI (Proforma Invoice)

Preliminary invoice sent before production begins, outlining pricing and terms.

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